The world's major powers have spent the last three decades institutionalising a peculiar form of diplomacy around Africa. China hosts the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Japan convenes the Tokyo International Conference on African Development. France gathers African leaders under its Africa summits. The United States stages US-Africa Leaders Summits. Russia, Turkey, India, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and the European Union have all created their own versions of Africa-focused engagements, each framed around partnership, development, trade and shared prosperity.