Nigeria’s economy is characterised by abundant natural and human resources yet underperforming industrial sectors. Despite decades of policy frameworks, from the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) to the Nigeria Industrial Revolution Plan, industrial contribution to GDP has remained low, with manufacturing accounting for 8.05% in 2025. Government-owned refineries have remained largely non-functional, while investment in steel production yielded no returns. Similarly, rail infrastructure remains underdeveloped, and water and electricity supply are often unreliable.