Nigeria’s democracy is at a critical stage where institutional efficiency is no longer optional, but essential. With mounting fiscal pressures, a slowing economy, and deepening public frustration over governance inefficiencies, the structure of the National Assembly has become a strategic question. The bicameral legislature, comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives, was designed to strengthen federalism and deepen legislative scrutiny. However, after nearly 25 years, evidence increasingly tilts towards a rethink. Many of the world’s most effective democracies operate unicameral systems and have demonstrated that cost efficiency, legislative speed, and strong accountability can coexist within such arrangements. For Nigeria, grappling with urgent governance and economic challenges, this debate is not only timely, but unavoidable.