As of late 2025, Ukrainian officials estimated that at least 1,436 African nationals from 36 countries are fighting for Russia in the ongoing war with Ukraine. Many of the Africans did not travel to become soldiers. They are said to have left home in response to online job offers, education promises, and residency opportunities. Instead of regular civilian employment, they are said to have been transported to military facilities, trained, and deployed to combat zones. What began as economic migration has become full military conscription under false pretences.