Since independence in 1960, Nigeria has spent trillions of naira on infrastructure and public institutions. Roads have been constructed, power projects commissioned, schools and hospitals upgraded. Much of this investment however has not translated into durable national assets. Across sectors, infrastructure deteriorates far earlier than expected, forcing frequent reconstruction, and significant economic costs. Nigeria loses an estimated $28 billion annually, about 2 per cent of GDP, largely due to power sector failures alone, a problem rooted as much in poor maintenance as in capacity gaps.