The McKinsey Health Institute and the World Economic Forum recently released a landmark report, The Human Advantage: Stronger Brains in the Age of AI, which is an urgent wake-up call as much as an optimistic playbook. Its core argument is deceptively simple and brutally consequential: as artificial intelligence automates tasks and amplifies productivity, the scarce, durable source of comparative advantage for nations and firms will be “brain capital" – the combination of brain health and brain skills that underpin judgement, creativity, empathy and sustained attention. The report reframes human cognitive and emotional capacities not as private goods or welfare concerns alone, but as strategic economic assets whose depletion or neglect will leave countries structurally disadvantaged in the coming decades. That reframing should be treated as an existential policy doctrine for Nigeria, whose extraordinary demographic dividend will either become a generational windfall or a multi-decade liability, depending on the choices made now.