Africa is increasingly at the centre of a strategic economic contest among global powers, driven by its abundant resources, demographic potential, and burgeoning markets. Contemporary commentators describe this dynamic as a “new scramble for Africa”, echoing the late-19th-century competition but now focused on trade, investment, and influence rather than direct colonial rule. Superpowers, including the United States, China, and Russia, alongside emerging partners in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, are actively expanding their presence across the continent through infrastructure financing, preferential trade agreements, and commercial engagement.